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The Bluestack Way Part Two Lough Eske to Drimarone

Local poet William Allingham may well have had Lough Eske in mind when he wrote his poem, ‘Four Ducks on a Pond’: –

Four ducks on a pond,
A grass-bank beyond,
A blue sky of spring,
White clouds on the wing;
What a little thing
To remember for years-
To remember with tears!

Reluctantly, we must leave the banks of Lough Eske. However, with Day Two of The Bluestack Way guide, an array of interesting tales and epic sites await.

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Directions

Starting by the T junction of the Friary, you will be rising to savour a panoramic view of the valley right across to county Tyrone where the east range largely lies. Once you get to the top of the hill, you’ll be entering the valley of Eglish, passing Owenboy and getting as far as Letterfad bog before settling for the night at The Bluestack Centre.

Starting by the T junction of the Friary, you will be rising to savour a panoramic view of the valley right across to county Tyrone where the east range largely lies. Once you get to the top of the hill, you’ll be entering the valley of Eglish, passing Owenboy and getting as far as Letterfad bog before settling for the night at The Bluestack Centre.

We’ll be telling you a bit more about the area along the way, but we’d advise you to be on the lookout for a myriad of sights and sounds that Mother Nature has on offer out here. Some of the treats you can expect to find on today’s walk are the (possible) sighting of golden eagles, Californian redwoods, red deer, blue hare and every sort of flora from marsh marigolds to cuckoo flowers, meadowsweet to umbellifers. You’re in a place of immense beauty and fresh air where lichen grows freely as it does where air is truly fresh and where everyone from Fionn McCumhail to friars, gentry to bandits have visited and savoured.

Bluestack 2

Part Two starting point

Directions

You’ll be turning left and climbing towards the Bluestacks. Get ready to start ascending as you make your way towards Eglish.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.  

GPS location: 54.710835, -8.064785

With the lough on your right, ensure you’ve taken careful note of the turn off to the left to begin your ascent of the valley. It is signposted, but signs have been known to go missing, so be prepared! As long as you see the magnificent view in our audio piece ‘Ascending the Valley’, you’re on the right track to get to Eglish! It gives us an early indication of what to look out for from the Bluestacks’ most ubiquitous resident, the humble sheep.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Known as Leana Mór, this little used road soon becomes an unsurfaced track and affords the most striking views back over Lough Eske as you climb to a height of 300m. To the north are the dramatic granite slopes of Na Cruaha Gorma and the cliffs providing the backdrop to Lough Belshade. Looking over the bay one can see the mountains of Sligo, Leitrim and Fermanagh. The keen observer may catch a glimpse of wild goats in this valley on the steep sided slope of the ridges. These are part of a small herd of feral goats that roam in the more remote areas of these mountains.

Patsy however, will tell you to be on the lookout for golden eagles that can be seen swooping around the mountains. He was even brave enough when recorded in 2012 to say the eagles are a timely and efficient bunch and forecasts they are best viewed at 11am. So there! 

The Fate of the Airy Host

In the days when the friars were in Donegal a priest of their community was crossing these hills on a sick call. On the top of the hill a big crowd of the airy host had come about him and threatened that they would not let him go one step further until he told them what their fate would be on the Day of Judgment. 

Well” he said “I am in a hurry now, but if you are here on my return I will answer your question.”

He went his way, attended to the sick person, and turned for home. When he reached the top of the hill the same crowd was waiting for him. He took a small pin from his clothes, but failed to get one drop of blood from them.

I fear” he said “that you will never get to Heaven. No being will ever get there who has not blood enough to write his name.

When they heard that they went into the mist on the hill-top moaning and crying, and as the friar went down the Donegal side of the mountain he could hear them all the time as they went west to Connacht’.

Tale 106, Miscellany from the Bluestack Mountains, Fairy Legends from Donegal collected by Séan ÓhEochaidh, translated by Máire MacNeill. © 1977, National Folklore Collection, UCD. Republished with permission.

Speaker: Moya Reid
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

The Bluestack Mountains, North East Range

The names of the stacks are the nearest we’ll get to seeing inside the minds of the ancient dwellers who named these peaks. The curious, sometimes grim names, point to a troubled past for certain stacks. These mountains to the west of Barnesmore are in full view of your current location with a colourful variety of names for about 70% of the stacks: –

62 Croaghbarnes – Cruach a’ Bhearnais, The Stack of the Gap
64 nameless
65 Altagaranduff – Alt an Ghearráin Duibh, The Hillock of the Black Colt
66 nameless
67 Croaghloughaderry- Cruach Loch an Doire, The Stack of the Lake of the Oakland
68 Croaghagrannagh – Cruacha Gránna , Ugly Stacks
69 nameless
70 nameless
71 Cruach Bhéansáin – Benson’s Hill
72 Croaghmeen – Cruach Mín, Smooth Stack
73 Croaghmeenare – Cruach Mín-Fhéir (or Cruach Mhín an Áir), Stack of the Smooth Stack (or Stack of the Smooth Place of the Massacre)
74 nameless  75 nameless
76 Croaghconnellagh – Cruach Conallach, Stack of the Tribe of Conaill
77 nameless
78 Tawnawully Mountains – Cruacha Thamhnach an Mhullaigh, The Mountains Stacks of the Grassy Upland of the Highest Point
79 nameless

80 Croaghnageer – Cruach na gCaor, The Stack of the Sheep
81 nameless
82 nameless
83 Croaghanirwore – Cruach an Fhir Mhóir, The Stack of the Big Man
84 nameless
85 Cronamuc – Cró na Muc , The Sheltered Place of the Pigs
86 nameless
87 Brown’s Hill – Cruach de Brún,
88 nameless
89 nameless
90 Pollakeeran Hill – Cruach Pholl an Chaorain, The Hill of the Hole of the Bogland
91 Croaghbrack – Cruach Breac, Speckled Stack
92 Clogher Hill – Cruach an Chlochair, The Stack of the Stoney Place
93 Barrack Hill – Cnoc na Beairice
94 nameless
95 nameless
96 Croaghanierin – Cruachán Éireann (or Cruach an Fhuaráin), The Litle Hill of Ireland (or the Stack of the Cool Spring)

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Eglish valley
Turning northwest and descending from the end of Banagher hill, we reach the townland of Eglish (Eglais, a church). Tradition indicates that a wayside school was situtated beside a brook which passes under the Eglish road. In recent years there were eight families living here; the ruins of their houses are still to be seen along with the remaining houses in the lower valley.

At the end of this road, the Eglish valley opens out into the Eany valley. From the road junction, the Eglish river flows southwest through the lower valley where it later joins the Eanymore river. At this vantage point, the full extent of the work of the last Ice Age can be appreciated as below the Eany valley opens to the ocean. The small rounded hills which are dotted on the land between here and Donegal Bay are drumlins. Drumlins, a name derived from the Gaelic for small rounded hills formed as the earth was shaped beneath a glacier as it trundled downslope. The long axis of the drumlins point to the direction in which the glacier once moved. The south-westerly flow of the ice that covered the land during the last ice age over 10,000 years ago, is well illustrated by the long axis of the drumlins.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Patrick Campbell had this to say about Eglish: -‘Here in Eglish we really have the tempting challenge for the hiker, and the fisherman has to but step from the road as the river flows alongside it. The majestic cliffs and high spinks seem to come so near to meet and greet us and to invite us to their tops in order that we might see the amphitheatre of lakes dotted along like mystic mirrors with their streamlets racing over those cliffs, creating spectacular waterfalls on their way, and finally coming together in the valley far below to form the Eany river. The fascination of the pure and bracing breezes among those cliffs and the Heavenly peace of those Cruacha Gorma lend to that landscape charm and beauty which change at the will of cloud and sun, sending mighty shadows, and at times showers, along those emerald braes’.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Lime was used in agriculture to reduce the ph value of soil. Lime kilns were once common features of rural landscapes throughout Ireland in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Now, unfortunately, most have been destroyed or have faded into the landscape, so we are lucky to have this vital link to the past still virtually intact. In our audio piece, Patsy tells us a bit more about the lime kiln you’ll see on the left of the path as you descend through Eglish valley.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

The trace of the Belshade fault trends down the Eglish valley and lies at the foot of the hills and marks the contact between the Carboniferous rocks and the Barnesmore granite, the hills in the centre and west are Precambrian Lough Mourne Schists. The contact between the granite and the schists lies in the little valley between the two ridges. The rock types can be differentiated at a distance by the steep faces that form in the granite and the sloping faces that represent the Lough Mourne Schists. Along the ridges to the west are two knobs of rock. These are smaller granite outcrops related to Barnesmore granite and their distinctive knobbly shape indicates their difference from the Lough Mourne Schists.

The slope profile of the western part of the ridge changes from steep at the top to shallower at the bottom and marks the trace of a second fault – the Boundary Fault. Coinciding with this change in slope is a change in vegetation that is reflecting the underlying rocks. The heather-dominated lower slopes of the western part of the hill are Carboniferous sandstones while the grassier parts are Upper Mourne Schists. Travelling down the valley, there are examples of houses abandoned during the famine, lazy beds and stone kilns used to burn limestone to provide fertiliser.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

After crossing the Eglish river, you’ll see an unusual structure on your right – Patsy is at hand to tell you what exactly it is.

Directions

Exiting the Eglish valley turn right and follow the road across the Meenataggart river. At the next junction the main road turns left but the Bluestack Way carries straight ahead. The old tumbled down shed on the right was once a thriving dance hall known locally as Meenataggart Hall.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Meenataggart Hall was one of the three community halls in the area where dances and meetings were held on a regular basis until the 1950s. People came on foot and by bicycle from a 15-20km radius to attend the dances on a Sunday evening. Dances started at 8.30pm and ended at midnight. The admission charge was 6d (3 cents). However, Christmas night dances went on until 2.30am and cost 1 shilling to attend (6 cents). Like The Laurels later on, sense the redolence of times past by touching the walls and saluting the many souls that passed through this place long ago.

Speakers: Moya Reid and Francis Harvey
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

 The actual Blue Stack mountain range has only five named stacks!
41 Sruell – An tSruthail, The Flushing Stream
48 Croaghgorm – Cruach Gorm, Blue Stack
50 Mullaghnadreesruhan – Mullach na dTrí Sruthán, The Mountain Breast of the Three Streams
54 Binmore – Binn Mór, Big Peak
59 Glascarns Hill – Cruach na nGlas-Charn, The Stack of the Green Cairns

With such a dearth of Irish words to translate, Moya is joined by poet Francis Harvey for his second Bluestack-inspired poem called ‘The Song’.

Speaker: Helen Meehan
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Patrick Campbell was born in Meenawilderg in 1911 and from an early age developed a deep interest in his surroundings. A generous and thoughtful man, his writings reflect a natural turn of phrase that the locals used in everyday vernacular. A transgression was thus excused as ‘God bless the poor creature, sure he was sore tormented by a nagging wife’ and so on.
 
Patrick got a wake up call on being hired out to farmers from the Donegal Hiring Fairs that took place every May and November. He worked ten 6-month consecutive contracts with farmers in many parts of south-west Donegal, attaining a greater understanding of human nature and the need to improve his own station in life. We’re grateful to his Estate for the use of material from his two classic books, ‘Rambles around Donegal’ and ‘From Silent Glens to Noisy Streets’ – try and get your hands on either one as mandatory research prior to walking the Way! We pay further tribute to Patrick at the end of Part 3A of this guide. We even managed to locate a recording of him speaking as Paddy Campbell on an RTÉ Doc One One from 1980.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Patrick Campbell wrote that the menfolk of the Crugha Gorma ‘were experts in sheep stock and famous for their knowledge of those mountains and hills. Their sheep dogs only understood commands in the Irish language, and like many other mountain districts in Donegal, it has never been known of anyone to leave Sruhill without refreshment in plenty. In the summers of the 1920s on Sunday evenings, I often witnessed a house full of visitors and sheep farmers, all enjoying the big bowls of good strong tea and beautiful pot-oven cake, capped with the finest home-made butter. 

The big decorative bowl was filled so generously that if you were to slip your spoon in it, you would have to seek the assistance of your knife to fish it out. Those were the times we enjoyed such refreshments which were given by people whose hearts were as big as their hills, those great people the Kennedys and Kennys of Sruhill, the Gasur Mors (the big boys).’

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Local writers such as Paul Peppergrass, Patrick MacGill and Séumas MacManus emigrated to America, but one American bucked the trend and came to Donegal leaving behind the leafy arches of academia for Meenaguish deep in the Bluestacks between 1970 and 1984. Bob Bernen wrote two books  ‘Tales from the Bluestacks’ and ‘The Hills’, which recall his experience of the lifestyle and stories he heard from the area. In the Foreword to the first book, Bernen wrote: ‘Ten miles north of Donegal Town, in the extreme north west of Ireland, runs a range of low, rounded hills known as the Blue Stacks.

 Technically they are classed as mountains but to the ordinary eye, they look like hills. Their name – taken from the Irish name of the highest peak – Croagh Gorm, is fitting, for from a distance they always appear a deep, purple blue, even on the clearest days. Around these hills lives a small group of farmers whose lives continue to be rooted in the eighteenth-century patterns, or earlier. Technologically and agriculturally their methods scarcely reveal modern influence. Today, we read about ancient and medieval technology which can still be seen in use on Blue Stack farms, some of them home-made in forms that have long since disappeared elsewhere. Machines are seldom used.

Into this bit of anachronous farming community a modern man and his wife moved, to farm sheep and to live in the manner of their neighbours. Some of what they heard, saw or experienced is recorded in the following tales. The tales are therefore unlike fiction, which falsifies in order to achieve a greater effect. The aim here has been to preserve a true picture of some aspects of Blue Stack life at the moment of its final disappearance, and as it fades into the modern world around it.’

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Bob and Statia’s old house in the hills

Here is the very house where Bob and his wife lived in. This is great photo from Alain le Garsmeur in The Irish Times article. The chronicler has long since gone, but the hills’ perennial residents and their issue remain.

Dealing with individual stand-alone chapters, the books present a picture of a community farming without machines, the interaction of men and animals and a deeper understanding of the life around them and of the earth and the living things that come from it. Needless to say, such a dramatic change of circumstance attracted media interest over the years. Besides a 1978 RTÉ radio documentary on Bernen, there was a good article about Bernen’s Bluestacks experience in The Irish Times in April 2022. Patsy has a great insight into Bernen in the audio when he recalls in the book the list of what Bernen knew and what Nothar his farmer friend knew. The reference to a dubh dobhar-chu refers to the mysterious beasts of these parts.

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Directions

Follow the roadway to the white house: the path that follows the fencing on your right almost to the end of the field. It then swings left and leads the walker to a gate through the next fence and then downhill to another gate and the ruins of an old farmhouse, then to the bank of the Eanymore river. For a short distance the pathways follow the river bank before crossing the Eanymore water. Crossing the river one is treated to an impressive sight of the falls and rapids of the river cascading across the rocks. This sight is all the more impressive when the river is in spate. The river gets its source higher up in the Bluestacks; it boasts a good quantity of salmon, brown and sea trout.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty. From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.
In our audio piece, Patsy tells us a funny story about the house with no road. Photo: (c) Louise Price 

Meenaguse Lough sits on a glacial deposit and together with the small lake to the east may represent ‘kettle hole’ lakes. These lakes formed as the ice sheets retreated, leaving behind large blocks of ice, isolated from the main ice mass, which were partially or completely buried by sand and gravel. When the ice melted, hollows were left which now often contain lakes. The derelict house on the north side of the road with abundant fuchsia surrounding it was the residence of the aforementioned Bob Bermen during the 1970s.
 

Patrick Campbell recalled: ‘There were very few horses around our mountain in my school days, so the hay was all carried on men’s backs, but even at this heavy work there was competition and fun. Men worked in pairs and tied their hay burdens with tether ropes. Their arms were then put in behind the ropes and each man helped the other man up to his knees and onto his feet with the heavy load of hay on each man’s back. The pair of men who would move a tramp cock of hay in the shortest period of time and with the least number of burdens became the champions of the meitheal and were entitled to pride of place at the haystack party.
 
That would be a night to be remembered, a mixture of old and young, where young would have a chance to listen to songs of their parents and grandparents and the older folk would hear and listen to the latest songs from the young folk. In most mountain homes, there was some sample of Irish or Scotch whiskey – Paddy Flaherty, John Jameson or John Powers – or perhaps here and there a sup of the good auld mountain dew kept in the hole in the wall near the kitchen bed’
.

Applause

Speaker: John McGrory
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Patrick Campbell wrote: -‘On our way we pass by a famous bog in Clogher where in my young years was used extensively by large farmers who came several miles to cut and save turf, and paid them two shillings and sixpence per day. 

They claimed that a mountain man would cut more turf in one day than they themselves would cut in two days. They usually save the turf themselves and towards the harvest time it was not unusual to see up to ten horses load of good black turf homeland bound, as the sun was sinking behind the hills. 

What a charming scene or picture this made, with fine well-groomed horses and bright red painted carts fitted with high turf creels and well crivined* loads of good dry black turf. There was a contented look on each man’s suntanned face, as he sat and smoked his pipe on a sack of hay on top of his load of turf, and listened to the hollow sound of cartwheels as they rolled over the stone-surfaced road in the silence of an autumn evening’.

*The crivin is the ‘top’ on a creel of turf.

Our audio piece comes from local guide, John McGrory, who tells us a bit more about this famous bog. It has a few names as you’ll appreciate!

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Ace turf cutter Patsy tells us some more about this stretch of bogland. 

Directions

At the next road on the left, the pathway swings into the hills. Some distance up this road, the walker meets a gate and a little further on, you turn right towards the hilltop. Follow the tarmac path to the gate and long the straight rugged path to the next left turn. Walking along this bog road, one can see where active turf cutting takes place. Here the peat is extracted from the bog, then dried and stored for winter fuel. To the right hand side of this road no turf cutting takes place as it is a special area of conservation. Follow the pathway left through this turf cutting area, stay on the path which swings left and onwards downhill past a little cottage on your left and further on through a gate to the main road where you again turn right towards the mountains.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

The blanket bog has the typical abundance of ling heather and sphagnum moss as well as a variety of other mosses and lichens expecially Cladonia impexa growing on the stems of the heather. Even at higher elevations looking down over Meenaguse, people have planted trees along boundaries close to houses to provide wind breaks. Fuschia, a plant introduced to Irish gardens in the late 1700s from South America is the favourite plant here. Bog myrtle is common.
 
In our audio piece, Patsy tells us why fuschia is so popular in these parts.

Speaker: Helen Meehan
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Patrick Campbell had happy memories of a hard day’s work out in this valley: ‘After the saving of the turf and hay, we children looked forward to the day of the gathering in and the building of the haystack. For weeks we talked of this day of days in glee on our way to and from school, the day when a meitheal of neighbouring men would gather to a mountain home and help make the haystack and secure it against winter storms. The meitheal took place from one mountain to another until all the hay cocks were safely gathered in and built in stacks in gardens or haggards’.

Speaker: Patsy McNulty
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

As we wind our way down to the main road, we pass through one of the many forests you’ll encounter along the Way – Patsy tells us more about them. 

Directions

Note: at this point one might wish to turn left and walk to the Hostel accommodation at the Bluestack Centre. Approx 3km away is the village of Letterbarra where the Bluestack Centre is located adjacent to the legendary O’Neill’s pub. Just a taxi ride away are the beautiful villages of Mountcharles and Frosses, both of which have both a vibrant local community. 

Speaker: John McGroary
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

In our audio piece, John McGroary tells us more about the art of planning permission in these parts. 

Bluestack Centre
A stay in the Bluestack Centre hostel is a great opportunity to see how a community can pull together and get things done. The building of the centre itself was from the vision and perseverance of a few locals and today, the place is at the heart of this rural community nestled deep in the Bluestacks. 

During the week, they have everything from dance classes to sewing classes, bingo to amateur dramatics. The staff is ably lead by Rosemary Ward and they are most accommodating – just ask. Need a sprain seen to? There’s a man down the road who can help. Need to get a lift into town? No problem. The place is well maintained with all mod cons and free WiFi. You’ll be well set for the toughest, but arguably most enjoyable part of the Way over the hills and down into Glenties.
 
Tel/Fax: +353 (0)74 97 35564
On Call Phone +353 (0)87 7822441
Email: info@donegalbluestacks.ie
http://www.donegalbluestacks.ie/

Speaker: John McGroary
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

It’s a place like this that has made Ireland what it is; where issues are discussed, good pints are devoured and maybe a bit of music will come along. A landmark local hostelry, even if the original boss is no longer behind the bar.
 
On our audio piece, John McGroary tells us a little bit more about the institution that is O’Neill’s pub. Recreating the atmosphere of an Irish pub has been hijacked around the world in recent years. Thankfully, O’Neill’s is the real thing with no fancy embellishments needed – no bicycles on the roof here! 

Speakers: Patsy McNulty and a local farmer
From the Bluestack Way Part 2 playlist.

Many people have passed through these parts over the years – in our audio piece, we hear of one such traveller who came at a perilous moment in the nation’s history back in the 1920s.

Looking for some water sport while here? Letterbarra bridge is the starting point for a challenging piece of canoeing as far as Inver. According to Neil Fox, if the rain is dancing on your windscreen, the Eanymore is one of the best river trips in Donegal. However, it is only worth considering during a heavy consistent downpour. If you can see a small rock in the centre of the river 20 metre downstream of Letterbarra Bridge, the level is too low.

The first 1.5km of the trip is fast flowing Grade II, although some good playholes can be found if the flood is high enough. The real fun starts upon reaching a concrete footbridge – from here to Drumagraa Bridge and beyond for a kilometre the rapids come at a constant Grade III, and in high water some grade IV. There are some excellent surf waves and playholes, but the breakouts are small and it is all too easy to let these opportunities slip by as the water races down the valley. Things ease off a little as the Eany meanders the remaining 2 km to the take out.

We hope you’ve enjoyed Day Two of the Bluestack Way. Enjoy your rest and with any luck, you’ll be staying in the Centre when there is a bit of social activity taking place, be it a dance or cards! Alternatively, if you get as far as Inver or Mountcharles, you will also find a proper Donegal welcome. However, Frosses is our suggestion for bookworms out there.

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A mini pilgrimage

It’d be remiss of us not to guide you to nearby Frosses for a pilgrimage of sorts. And no, we don’t mean to salute Frosses’s favourite son, Tim Kelly! Having saluted various local writers along the Way, the finest is buried in Frosses cemetery, Séumas MacManus (1869-1960), also known as ‘the last seanchaí’. Notable works include Bold Blades of Donegal, Donegal Fairy Stories, A Lad of the O’Friels, The Story of the Irish Race and The Rocky Road to Dublin.

New signage tells you more about not just Séumus, but his wife, Ethna Carbery. Her most notable work, The Four Winds of Eirinn, can be downloaded here. Worth a follow is the Séumas MacManus Appreciation Society on Facebook. Their introduction to the prodigious author does the man justice. A genius from the off, he could tell over 100 stories aged just 7 from hearing years of great tales at local rambling houses. Celtic F.C. founder Joseph F. McGroary and  War of Independence victim, Mary Harley, are also buried here.

Frosses - where one side of the village doesn't speak to the other!
Frosses – where one side of the village doesn’t speak to the other!

Behind every great man

The great love of Séumas’s life was his beloved wife, Anna, better known by her pen name, Ethna Carbery. In 1901 she married the poet and folklorist and moved with him to Revlin House just outside Donegal Town. It was then that she began writing under the pen name of Ethna Carbery. In our audio clip, we tell you more about her famous work, Roddy McCorley. 

She died in Revlin House of gastritis the following year, aged 35. Her husband, who was three years her junior, outlived her by 58 years and never remarried. Anyone in doubt about Séumus’s devotion to her just has to look at the eloquent dedication in The Story of the Irish Race: –

‘This book is inscribed to the haloed memory of one who, pondering the heroic records of her race, dedicated her life to Ireland’s holy cause, and in undying strains sang the glories the sorrows and radiant hopes of her land beloved – Eire’s Queen of Song, ETHNA CARBERY.‘ Now that’s what I call true love.

Prodigious protégée 

Séumas was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth, but that mouth certainly came with the natural gift of eloquence. His boyhood was spent herding cattle on the hills and working on the farm by day. However, it was for the evenings that he was living for after discovering the storytelling magic of the parish’s rambling houses. The young boy sat enthralled as the old folk of the area told the area’s fairy tales and the folk tales. Not just listening, but learning too.
 
By the age of seven, he could tell over a hundred of the tales nearly well as the old storytellers themselves! By sixteen he was writing patriotic poems saluting the heroes who fought and died for Ireland’s freedom. Whereas most would be spent after a hard day’s farm labour, when not off rambling, Séumas would be hard at work reading and researching or writing prose and honing his craft. Séumas knew early on that he’d a gift that needed to be nurtured.
 
Inevitably, Séumas became master of the mountain school, where he taught between 60 and 70 children. How lucky were these children to be learning from the master? However, such talent couldn’t resist the lure of America where he went and of course flourished with a ready market for his stories of Donegal. 
 
Reunited for eternity, Séumas and Ethna are buried under that giant Celtic cross we’ve posted. Salute the ‘Father of Irish Folklore’ and ‘Eire’s Queen of Song’ before adjourning to Kelly’s pub nearby for a well-deserved pint!
Séumas's and Ethna's resting place, Frosses cemetery
Séumas’s and Ethna’s resting place, Frosses cemetery

Directions

Just to be clear, Part 3A of the Bluestack Way has been designed for those whose fitness level may not be up to ascending a boggy mountain with slippery terrain. It is also in place for when the weather demands that you take a less challenging route! Ask at the Centre or speak with the guide if you’re considering using one for this section. What 3A may lack in height, it makes up for in stories – ensure you catch all of the material on it even if you don’t take that section. 

Discover the Magic of Irish Seasons: Traditions and Changes Experience the enchanting shifts of Irish seasons, rich in traditions and cultural changes that connect the past with the present. Discover the magic today! Spring in Ireland: Traditions and Celebrations As the chill of winter begins to wane, Ireland bursts into a vibrant array of colors and renewed life. Spring in Ireland is a time of rebirth and rejuvenation. The season starts with St. Brigid’s Day on February 1st, marking the beginning of the Celtic spring. St. Brigid, one of Ireland’s patron saints, symbolizes fertility and the arrival of longer, warmer days. Traditionally, Irish families weave St. Brigid’s crosses from rushes, believed to protect homes from fire and evil spirits. These crosses are hung in homes and barns, embodying the hope and protection that spring brings. Another significant event in the Irish spring calendar is St. Patrick’s Day on March 17th. This global celebration of Irish culture is marked by parades, music, dancing, and a plethora of green attire. Originally a religious holiday honoring Ireland’s patron saint, it has evolved into a celebration of Irish heritage worldwide. Towns and cities across Ireland host parades featuring floats, marching bands, and performers, creating an atmosphere of joy and community spirit. Traditional Irish music and dance performances are integral parts of the festivities, drawing locals and tourists alike. Spring also heralds the start of agricultural cycles, with farmers preparing their fields for planting. This season is crucial for the rural communities, as it sets the tone for the year’s harvest. Traditional spring fairs and markets spring up across the country, offering fresh produce, handmade crafts, and a taste of rural life. These events are not only essential for the economy but also serve as social gatherings that strengthen community bonds. The return of longer days and the blossoming countryside invigorate the Irish spirit, making spring a time of optimism and communal celebration. The Beauty of Summer: Festivals and Activities The arrival of summer in Ireland is met with great anticipation and excitement. From June to August, the country transforms into a vibrant playground of festivals, outdoor activities, and natural beauty. The summer solstice, celebrated around June 21st, is a significant event in the Irish calendar. Historically, ancient Celts marked this longest day of the year with bonfires and feasting. Today, people gather at ancient sites like Newgrange and the Hill of Tara to witness the solstice sunrise, connecting with the traditions of their ancestors. One of the most iconic summer festivals is the Galway International Arts Festival, held in July. This two-week event features a diverse program of theatre, music, visual arts, and street performances, attracting artists and audiences from around the world. The festival transforms the city of Galway into a bustling hub of creativity and cultural exchange. Similarly, the Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann, the largest traditional Irish music festival, takes place in a different town each August, showcasing the best of Irish music, song, and dance. Summer is also a time for exploring Ireland’s stunning landscapes. The Wild Atlantic Way, a scenic coastal route stretching from Donegal to Cork, offers breathtaking views, charming villages, and opportunities for outdoor adventures. Hiking, cycling, and water sports are popular activities, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the country’s natural beauty. Beaches, though often chilly by international standards, become hotspots for locals and tourists alike. The blend of cultural festivities and outdoor pursuits makes summer in Ireland a season of endless possibilities and joyful experiences. Autumn in Ireland: Harvest and Cultural Significance As the leaves turn to shades of gold and crimson, autumn in Ireland brings a sense of reflection and gratitude. The season is deeply rooted in agricultural traditions, with harvest festivals celebrating the bounty of the land. Lughnasadh, the ancient Celtic festival marking the beginning of the harvest season, is celebrated on August 1st. Named after the god Lugh, it involves feasting, music, and games, reflecting the community’s gratitude for the earth’s abundance. Though modern celebrations are more subdued, the spirit of Lughnasadh persists in local fairs and gatherings. Autumn is also the time for Samhain, the ancient festival that marks the end of the harvest and the beginning of the darker half of the year. Celebrated on October 31st, Samhain is considered the precursor to Halloween. It was believed that on this night, the veil between the living and the dead was at its thinnest, allowing spirits to roam the earth. People would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off these spirits. Today, Halloween in Ireland is a blend of ancient traditions and modern festivities, with children trick-or-treating and communities hosting haunted attractions and events. The cultural significance of autumn extends to literature and the arts. The Dublin Theatre Festival, held in late September and early October, is one of the oldest and most prestigious theatre festivals in Europe. It features a mix of Irish and international productions, highlighting the richness of the performing arts. Additionally, the Wexford Festival Opera, taking place in October, showcases lesser-known operas and attracts opera enthusiasts from around the globe. These cultural events, combined with the natural beauty of the changing landscape, make autumn in Ireland a season of introspection and artistic inspiration. Winter Wonders: Traditions and Festivities Winter in Ireland is a time of warmth, reflection, and festivity, despite the cold and often damp weather. The season is marked by a series of traditions that bring light and joy to the darkest months. The winter solstice, occurring around December 21st, has been celebrated since ancient times. At the prehistoric site of Newgrange in County Meath, the solstice sunrise illuminates the inner chamber of the tomb, an awe-inspiring spectacle that draws visitors from around the world. This event symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness and the promise of longer days to come. Christmas in Ireland is a blend of religious observance and joyous celebration. The season begins with Advent, as homes and churches are adorned with wreaths, candles, and nativity scenes. On Christmas Eve, many attend Midnight Mass, a tradition that underscores the religious significance of the holiday. Christmas Day is a time for family gatherings, feasting, and exchanging gifts. Traditional foods such as roast turkey, ham, and plum pudding are enjoyed, and the evening often ends with songs and stories by the fire. The festive season continues with St. Stephen’s Day on December 26th, also known as Wren Day. In some parts of Ireland, people dress in old clothes and straw masks, parading through towns while playing music and singing. This tradition, rooted in ancient customs, symbolizes the triumph of the wren, considered the king of birds, over the darker days. New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day are celebrated with fireworks, parties, and resolutions, marking the end of one year and the hopeful beginning of another. The blend of ancient customs and modern festivities makes winter in Ireland a season of warmth and renewal. The Role of Nature in Irish Seasonal Changes Ireland’s seasons are profoundly influenced by its natural environment, with the landscape playing a central role in the country’s cultural and agricultural practices. The mild, temperate climate ensures that each season is distinct yet not extreme, allowing nature to flourish year-round. Spring’s arrival is heralded by blooming daffodils, lambs frolicking in fields, and the gradual lengthening of days. The lush, green countryside comes alive, reflecting the renewal and growth that characterize the season. Summer’s warmth and extended daylight hours provide the perfect conditions for outdoor activities and the growth of crops. The landscape is dotted with wildflowers, and the coastal regions become popular destinations for hiking, swimming, and exploring. The fertile soil and favorable weather conditions support a diverse range of flora and fauna, making summer a time of abundance and natural beauty. The interplay between the land and the sea, with its rugged cliffs and sandy beaches, adds to the unique charm of the Irish summer. Autumn’s arrival brings a transformation in the landscape, as trees don vibrant hues of red, orange, and yellow. The harvest season reflects the culmination of the year’s agricultural efforts, with fields yielding crops and orchards laden with fruit. The crisp air and shorter days signal a time for reflection and preparation for the winter ahead. Winter, though often harsh with its cold winds and rain, has a stark beauty of its own. The bare trees and snow-dusted hills create a serene, almost mystical atmosphere. The natural cycles of growth, harvest, and rest are deeply intertwined with Irish traditions and way of life, making nature an integral part of the seasonal experience. Folklore and Mythology Associated with Each Season Irish folklore and mythology are rich with stories and legends that reflect the country’s deep connection to the natural world and its seasonal changes. Spring, for example, is associated with the goddess Brigid, a figure of fertility, healing, and poetry. Her festival, Imbolc, marks the beginning of spring and is a celebration of new life and the return of the sun. Legends tell of Brigid’s magical cloak, which could expand to cover vast areas of land, symbolizing the growth and protection that spring brings. Summer’s mythology is filled with tales of the Tuatha Dé Danann, a race of god-like beings who are said to have brought magic and prosperity to Ireland. The festival of Bealtaine, celebrated on May 1st, honors these deities and the start of the summer season. Fires were lit on hilltops to welcome the sun and protect against evil spirits. The legend of Lugh, the god of light and the arts, is also central to summer celebrations. His festival, Lughnasadh, marks the beginning of the harvest and is a time of feasting, games, and merriment. Autumn’s folklore is dominated by the festival of Samhain, a time when the boundary between the living and the dead is believed to be at its thinnest. This night is filled with stories of spirits, fairies, and otherworldly beings. The legend of the Púca, a mischievous shape-shifting fairy, is particularly associated with Samhain. It was believed that the Púca would roam the countryside, playing tricks on unsuspecting travelers. Offerings of food and drink were left out to appease these spirits and ensure a safe passage through the dark months. Winter’s mythology is rich with tales of the Cailleach, the divine hag of winter. According to legend, the Cailleach is responsible for the harsh winter weather, and her reign begins at Samhain and ends at Bealtaine. She is depicted as an old woman with a staff, capable of summoning storms and frost. The winter solstice, celebrated at Newgrange, is also steeped in mythology. It is said that the solstice light represents the rebirth of the sun god, bringing hope and renewal. These stories and legends add a layer of magic and mystery to the changing seasons, reflecting the deep cultural significance of nature in Irish life. Seasonal Foods and Culinary Traditions in Ireland The changing seasons in Ireland bring a variety of culinary delights, with each season offering its own unique flavors and traditional dishes. Spring’s arrival is marked by the availability of fresh, seasonal vegetables such as asparagus, new potatoes, and rhubarb. Lamb, a symbol of spring, is a popular choice for Easter Sunday dinner, often roasted with herbs and served with mint sauce. Traditional dishes like colcannon, made with mashed potatoes and spring greens, reflect the season’s bounty and the importance of locally-sourced ingredients. Summer’s abundance is celebrated with a wide array of fresh produce, seafood, and dairy products. The long, warm days are perfect for outdoor picnics and barbecues. Freshly caught fish and shellfish, such as salmon, mackerel, and mussels, are staples of the summer diet. Strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries are in season, often enjoyed in desserts like Eton mess or simply with a dollop of cream. The tradition of afternoon tea, with its selection of sandwiches, scones, and cakes, is also a beloved summer pastime. Autumn’s harvest brings a wealth of hearty, comforting foods. Root vegetables like carrots, parsnips, and turnips, along with apples and pears, feature prominently in autumnal dishes. The harvest festival of Lughnasadh is celebrated with breads and cakes made from the first grains of the season. Traditional Irish stews, made with lamb or beef, potatoes, and vegetables, provide warmth and sustenance as the days grow shorter. Apple tarts and crumbles, often spiced with cinnamon and nutmeg, are popular desserts that capture the essence of autumn. Winter’s chill calls for rich, warming foods that provide comfort during the darkest months. Christmas dinner is a highlight of the winter season, with roast turkey, ham, and all the trimmings taking center stage. Mince pies, Christmas pudding, and rich fruitcake are traditional holiday treats, often enjoyed with a glass of mulled wine or Irish whiskey. St. Stephen’s Day is a time for leftovers and simple fare, such as bubble and squeak made from the previous day’s vegetables. Soups and stews, made with seasonal ingredients, are staples of the winter diet, providing nourishment and warmth. Modern Interpretations of Irish Seasonal Celebrations While many of Ireland’s seasonal celebrations are rooted in ancient traditions, they have evolved to incorporate modern influences and practices. Today, St. Brigid’s Day is not only a celebration of the coming spring but also a time to honor women’s achievements and contributions to society. Contemporary events include women’s gatherings, workshops, and performances that highlight the strength and creativity of Irish women. Similarly, St. Patrick’s Day has expanded beyond its religious origins to become a global celebration of Irish culture and heritage, with cities around the world hosting parades and festivals. The Galway International Arts Festival and other summer events reflect the blending of traditional and contemporary culture. These festivals showcase a mix of traditional Irish music and dance alongside modern art forms, creating a dynamic and inclusive atmosphere. The rise of food festivals, such as the Taste of Dublin, highlights the growing interest in Ireland’s culinary scene. These events celebrate local produce and innovative chefs, offering visitors a taste of modern Irish cuisine while honoring traditional flavors and techniques. Autumn’s cultural events, like the Dublin Theatre Festival and the Wexford Festival Opera, demonstrate the continued importance of the arts in Irish life. These festivals provide a platform for emerging and established artists to share their work, fostering a vibrant cultural community. Halloween, with its roots in the ancient festival of Samhain, has embraced contemporary customs like pumpkin carving and trick-or-treating, while still honoring its mystical origins through events like ghost tours and storytelling sessions. Winter’s festive season has also seen modern interpretations of traditional customs. Christmas markets, inspired by European traditions, have become popular in cities like Dublin, Galway, and Belfast. These markets offer artisanal goods, festive foods, and entertainment, creating a magical atmosphere for holiday shoppers. New Year’s Eve celebrations, including fireworks displays and concerts, have grown in scale, bringing communities together to ring in the new year. These modern interpretations of seasonal celebrations reflect Ireland’s ability to honor its past while embracing the present, creating a rich and dynamic cultural landscape. Conclusion: Embracing the Seasons in Irish Culture Ireland’s seasons are more than just changes in weather; they are deeply woven into the fabric of the country’s culture, traditions, and way of life. From the rebirth of spring to the festive warmth of winter, each season offers its own unique experiences and opportunities for connection. The traditions and celebrations that mark these changes provide a sense of continuity and community, linking the past with the present. Nature plays a central role in shaping these seasonal experiences, with the landscape’s beauty and bounty influencing cultural practices and culinary traditions. Folklore and mythology add a layer of magic and mystery, enriching the understanding of the natural world and its cycles. Modern interpretations of seasonal celebrations demonstrate Ireland’s ability to adapt and evolve, honoring ancient customs while embracing contemporary influences. In embracing the seasons, Ireland celebrates its heritage, creativity, and resilience. Whether through traditional festivals, culinary delights, or the simple enjoyment of nature’s beauty, the magic of Irish seasons continues to captivate and inspire. As each season unfolds, it offers a new chapter in the ongoing story of Ireland, inviting all to experience its enchantment and wonder.
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